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27 January 2012
# 6'2011 issue (November – December) of Eksport Vooruzheniy Journal is released

30 December 2011
Moscow Defense Brief # 4, 2011 is released

09 December 2011
The Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies released an English version of the book “The New Russian Army”

11 November 2011
# 5'2011 issue (September – October) of Eksport Vooruzheniy Journal is released.

10 October 2011
Moscow Defense Brief # 3, 2011 is released.

26 September 2011
# 4'2011 issue (July – August) of Eksport Vooruzheniy Journal is released

03 August 2011
# 3'2011 issue (May – June) of Eksport Vooruzheniy Journal is released

14 July 2011
Special issue of Eksport Vooruzheniy Journal dedicated to civil aviation is released

17 June 2011
Moscow Defense Brief # 2, 2011 is released.

28 April 2011
# 2'2011 issue (March – April) of Eksport Vooruzheniy Journal is released.

News archive


Eksport Vooruzheniy Journal
¹1, 1999 (January - February)
Regular and Occasional Markets of Armaments and Military Equipment

The analysis of demand for armaments and military technology expressed by importers allows to divide the global market of armaments into two great sectors - regular and occasional.

The regular purchases are carried out in order to substitute morally and/or physically obsolete armaments. They are following a procedure of relatively open tenders. The demand arising on the regular market segment are easy to forecast on the ground of information concerning time of preceding purchases and life cycle of armaments generation submitted to substitution. A choice of supplier is often made on the basis of not financial or technical, but political and economic factors: exporter's abilities to ensure a guarantee of security and its capacity to propose an offset program. A great importance is also paid to the quality of after-sale service and high nominal life cycle of supplied armaments. The value of weapons can be very high. A big importance have low exploitation costs. A combat potential of purchased systems is sometimes doubtful, but actually not so much a merchandise is purchased, but rather a comprehensive service - security. Within frames of offset agreements occurs the transfer of technology or the importer obtains additional economic benefits.

Occasional purchases are practiced when the importer is involved in an armed conflict or in case of important threat of appearance of such a conflict. On the occasional market the first importance has an exporter's ability to execute supplies in extraordinarily short deadlines. Moreover, in this sector relatively simple and cheap systems of armaments are predominating. The life cycle and after-sale service have not such a fundamental importance as on the regular market. The combat potential of armament and the ability of importing country's army to master rapidly and efficiently purchased technology are key factors. 

Demand on occasional market: the analysis of empirical data

After the second war in Gulf, in the world three international armed conflict of low intensity took place, in consequence of which the occasional demand for weapons and military equipment have been generated

The first such conflict occurred in February 1995, between Peru and Equador. Next, followed the tension burst between Eritrea and Yemen in December 1995, finally, in June 1998 and February-March 1999 there was the clash between Ethiopia and Eritrea.  A general feature of all these conflicts is the fact that all parties involved in conflicts showed, in the course of conflict or at its ending, the interest for Russian or Russian origin armaments.

As it is known, in Autumn 1996, Peruvian air force purchased in Belaruss 18 MiG-29 fighters and 18 Su-25 attack aircraft for a total sum of 385 million dollars. In 1998, an information was released about the signature of a contract with Russia on the supply of three more MiG-29 units and the technical service of remaining 17 MiG-29 (one machine had been lost).

In Summer-Autumn 1997, Ecuador was manifesting the interest in purchasing a party of Russian fighters Su-27 or Su-29 to the amount ca. 600 million dollars. The press has contradictorily interpreted the fact that this transaction has not taken place. As principal possible reasons were invoked the change in the managing staff of «Rosvooruzhenie» and the lack of financial resources of Ecuadorian party. However, the interest showed by Quito for Russian weapons cannot be qualified otherwise as symptomatic.

In October 1998, appeared the news about negotiations on delivery to Ethiopia of 8 Su-27 fighters from the arsenal of Russian air force. In December 1998 - January 1999, these deliveries were executed. Moreover, Ethiopia purchased in Russia Mi-24 helicopters, as well as the infantry equipment and weapons. At the same time, Eritrea acquired in Russian MAPO «MiG» six MiG-29 fighters with option to purchase six more units.

In summer 1998, the Russian press revealed also the report on intents expressed by Yemen for purchasing Su-27 fighters for a total amount of ca. 500 million dollars. Moreover, to the category of occasional market belong purchasings realized by the governments of countries leading antiguerilla wars. Presently, these are Sri-Lanka and Turkey. It is well known that both these countries have also purchased helicopters of Russian and Ukrainian origin. Thus, it is possible to conclude, that needs of occasional market are met first of all by armaments and the military technology of Russian production. In connection with this fact, the importance of export sales from the arsenals of the Defense Ministry and the role of specialized intermediary FGUP «Promexport» are growing.






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